19th Annual Undergraduate Research Conference Program and Abstracts

Welcome and Keynote

Zoom Link: https://minnstate.zoom.us/j/96253227309
Password: URC2024
8:30 a.m.: Dr. Ross Wastvedt, SMSU Provost, Opening Remarks
8:45 a.m.:

Keynote Speaker: Macy Violett ‘18, Occupational Therapist at M Health Fairview Southdale Hospital in the Twin Cities

Keynote Address: Ask Questions, Have Confidence

Oral Session

Location: Upper-Level SMSU Conference Center & via Zoom
Zoom Link: https://minnstate.zoom.us/j/96253227309
Password: URC2024
Subjects: Accounting, Biology, Environmental Science,
Management, Psychology, Theatre

9:45 a.m.: Jordan Hausmann, Sierra Clifford, Kaaryna Smidel, and Hannah Walburg, Biology, Effects of Urban Runoff on Water Quality

10:00 a.m.: Eric Nadeau, Ben Skorczews, and Alec Langerud, Biology, Invertebrate Taxon Diversity in Burned and Unburned Areas of the SMSU Wildlife Area

10:15 a.m.: Kaelyn DeRoche, Nankling Andrew, and Karlina Nelson, Biology, Comparing Forb Abundance and Species Richness in Burned vs Non-burned Areas of the SMSU Wildlife Area

10:30 a.m.: Paige Duncan, Natalie Jorschumb, Trent Paulsen, and Levi Stoneberg, Biology, Effects of Urbanization on Benthic Invertebrate Diversity in the Redwood River

10:45 a.m.: BREAK

11:00 a.m.: Joren Palmer, Environmental Science, Comparative Water Quality Analysis of Developed and Undeveloped Lakes in Ottertail County, Minnesota

11:15 a.m.: Levi Stoneberg, Environmental Science, Microplastics in the Redwood River

11:30 a.m.: Benjamin Skorczewski, Environmental Science, The Effects of Canada Geese on SMSU Ponds Water Quality

11:45 a.m.: Natalie Jorschumb, Environmental Science, How Have Restoration Efforts Altered Soil Properties in the SMSU Environmental Learning Area?

NOON - LUNCH BREAK

1:00 p.m.: Thor Fischer, Accounting, The Benefits of a Certified Public Accountant Compared to Tax Software Apps

1:15 p.m.: Alyster Schmidt, Theatre, Oedipus: A Dramaturg’s Perspective

1:30 p.m.: Brandon Bentley, Theatre, Exploring the World of Romeo and Juliet

1:45 p.m.: Cole Lawrence and Abby Boxrud, Psychology, The Effects of Dynamic Visual Noise on Recall of Imagined Objects

2:00 p.m.: BREAK

2:30 p.m.: Colton Jensen, Theatre, Life Is a Dream: The Spanish Golden Age

2:45 p.m.: Olivia Houseman, Theatre, History and Context of the Medieval Play Everyman

3:00 p.m.: Megan Laughlin, Management, Cattitude Campaign: Saving Nine Lives, One Life At A Time

Virtual Session 1

Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
Zoom Link: https://minnstate.zoom.us/j/94065792856
Password: URC2024
Room Moderator: Cindy Aamlid
Subjects: Sociology

10:30 a.m.: Rebecca Friskey, Sociology, The Causes and Impacts of Adverse Childhood Experiences

10:45 a.m.: Natasha Smith, Sociology, How Media Shapes Self-Image

11:00 a.m.: April Thurmes, Sociology, Finding a Correlation Between a Student’s Academic Achievement Level and Their Parents’ Socioeconomic Status

11:15 a.m.: Jen Clausen, Sociology, Put on a Happy Face: The Unpaid Emotional Labor of School Social Workers

11:30 a.m.: Taylor Garmaker, Sociology, Maternal Health Care: The Importance of Postpartum Doulas in Reducing Postpartum Crisis

11:45 a.m.: Jennifer Jorgensen, Sociology, Aligning Opportunities to Help Families Address Their Unique Needs: How Can a Whole Family Approach Help Fight Poverty?

Virtual Session 2

Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:15 p.m.
Zoom Link: https://minnstate.zoom.us/j/91497647972
Password: URC2024
Room Moderator: Tom Williford
Subjects: Theatre, History, Accounting

1:00 p.m.: Rebekah Willey, Theatre, Social Context of Antigone by Sophocles

1:15 p.m.: Lauren Kerska, History, The Assassination of John F. Kennedy and Its Effects on the American Psyche

1:30 p.m.: Ali Metz, Accounting, The Evolution of Financial Fraud

1:45 p.m.: John Grayson McGinnis, History, Cleopatra’s Death and the Political, Social, and Economic Fallout within Rome and Egypt

2:00 p.m.: Jose Posada, Accounting, AI in Accounting

Virtual Session 3

Time: 2:30 p.m. - 3:45 p.m.
Zoom Link: https://minnstate.zoom.us/j/91497647972
Password: URC2024
Room Moderator: Tom Williford
Subjects: Accounting, History

2:30 p.m.: Gabby Zaczek, Accounting, Why Accounting isn’t Math

2:45 p.m.: Noah Wallin, History, The Effects of the Atomic Bomb on Japan

3:00 p.m.: Jake Heard, History, The Complex Legacy of John Brown

3:15 p.m.: Christopher Braboy, History, The Modernization of Japan

3:30 p.m.: Elizabeth Flaa, Accounting, Basics of Bookkeeping

Poster Presentation Session

Time: Posters displayed 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
Location: Lower Level of the SMSU Conference Center
Subjects: Accounting, Agribusiness Management, Biology, Computer Science, Exercise Science, History, Hospitality Management, Music, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, Theatre

1. Kristy DeMuth, Kiara Eischens-Larson, Accounting, What are Financial Statements?, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

2. Emily Torres and Brooklyn Mueske, Accounting, Behind the Scenes: Purchasing, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

3. Noah Kloss, Accounting, Automation in Accounting, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

4. Austin Simons, Accounting, Minnesota Homestead Property Tax Returns (M1PR’s), 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

5. Airemie Wetzel, Accounting, Becoming a CPA - Exams and Requirements, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

6. Kyle Goblirsch, Accounting, The Benefits of Auditing, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

7. Alex Castor, Accounting, What is Fraud?, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

8. Jamison Rohlik, Accounting, Information about Taxes, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

9. Michael Murillo, Accounting, Accounting Degree: Not Just for Accountants; Other Careers are Possible, 1:00 p.m. -2:30 p.m.

10. Emily Maciel, Accounting, Ethical Principles to Prevent Fraud, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

11. Grayson Bolstad, Accounting, What is the Difference Between Realized Gains and Unrealized Gains?, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

12. Sebastian Tilton Campos, Accounting, Depreciation on Assets, 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.

13. Grace Haas, Accounting, New Regulations for the 2024 Tax Season, 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.

14. Kaelyn DeRoche, Biology, The Role of PCSK9 in the Inflammatory Response of Atherosclerosis, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

15. Kaaryna Smidel, Biology, The Relationship Between Nerves and Inflammation in the Generation of Endometriosis-Associated Pain, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

16. Sierra Clifford, Biology, The Role of sFlt1 in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

17. Alec Langerud, Biology, Potential Mechanisms of Methylcobalamin Treatment for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

18. Sarah McDonald, Biology, Zooplankton as Indicator Species in Response to Water Acidification, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

19. Savanna Busch, Biology, Does Treating Insulin Resistance with Metformin Delay Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

20. Michele Stai, Biology, The impact of Cryotherapy on Inflammation During Post-Traumatic Recovery, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

21. Charles Hackett, Communication Studies, How are TikTokers influencing younger people about politics?, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

22. Hayden Molva, Communication Studies, Are We Living in a Post-Truth Society?, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

23. Ashley Peltier, Communication Studies, Can Argumentation be Used in Secondary Classrooms to Help Build Social Skills?, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

24. Emma Currans, Communication Studies, Are We Living in a Post-Truth Society, and if so, How Do We Get Out of it?, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

25. Sierra Clifford, Communication Studies, Does Argumentation Aide in the Development of Critical Thinking Skills?, 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.

26. Halle Egge, Communication Studies, Preparing Students for Public Discourse Through Learning to Argue, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

27. Emily Hernandez, Communication Studies, How Argumentative Essays Improve Critical Thinking Skills in the 6-12 English Classroom, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

28. Kaitlyn Sharp, Communication Studies, The Art of Exclusion: Exploring Gender and Advocacy in Kirsha Kaechele’s ‘Ladies Lounge’, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

29. Brock Bruns, Communication Studies, Is Argumentation Culture Fueled by TikTok?, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

30. Elayna Geiser, Communication Studies, Framing Reality, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

31. Colby Hadler, Communication Studies, How are Memes Used as an Argumentative Tool in Online Political Conversations?, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

32. Brenna Springborg, Communication Studies, Online Activism & Social Movements, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

33. Autumn Hess, Communication Studies, How Coldplay Mobilizes Their Fans as a Form of Advocacy, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

34. Madelyn Geske, Communication Studies, Confirmation Bias in Young Adults in Social Media Echo Chambers, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

35. Kennedy Kucera, Communication Studies, How Fact Checking in Response to Disinformation Can Benefit Students’ Media Literacy, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

36. Morgan Mueller, Communication Studies, Fauxtography and DeepFakes Impacts on Media Literacy, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

37. Treverran Mack, Communication Studies, Living in a Post-Truth Society, 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.

38. Madison Baker, Communication Studies, The Role of Media in Creating a Post-Truth Society, 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.

39. Dagim Jalleta, Computer Science, AlgoVision: Interactive Algorithm and Data Structure Visualizer Web App, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

40. Ogochukwu Chudi-Igwe, Saari Kuehl, and Abiah Abraham, Computer Science, Marshall Bus Scheduler, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

41. Strivens Brayden, Computer Science, Skatepedia: An App to Help Skateboarders Learn New Tricks, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

42. Kaleab Debela, Habtamu Gashaw, and Samson Tadesse, Computer Science, AutoCare Hub, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

43. Dagim Tamirat, Computer Science, Photography Studio Website, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

44. Mario Estrella Santos, Computer Science, AI-Driven Workouts, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

45. Asier Ochoa Blanco, Computer Science, Nintendo Entertainment System Emulator: A Practical Application of Cycle-Accurate Emulation, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

46. Ali Muhammad Nathani, Computer Science, K-Means Clustering from Scratch, 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.

47. Jayson Teagle, Culinology, High Antioxidant Non-Caloric Syrup for Use in Coffee and Cocktails, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

48. Laura Zeurmens, History, The Life of John G. Lund, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

49. Patrick McCann, History, The Battle of Sugar Point, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

50. Quincie Klein, History, The History of the Southwest Swimming Machine, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

51. Shandon Boe, History, Rising Tensions in Nauvoo, Illinois from 1839-1846, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

52. Devin Bahl, History, Kittenball During the Depression in Minnesota, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

53. Travis Cowell, History, Building Education in Echo, Minnesota: Community Investment in Their Children, 1885-1926, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

54 . Rozilyn Oye, Math, The Probability of Winning a Service Game in a Tennis Match, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

55 . Alyssa Engels, Math, Fourier Transform in NMR Spectroscopy, 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.

56 . Kieryn Larson, Music, From Shore to Score: The Art of Arranging “Hoist the Colors” for Choir, 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.

57 . Shane Rogers, Philosophy, Is Grading on a Curve Ethical?, 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

58 . James Gully, Philosophy, Should We Lie to Children About Santa Claus?, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

59 . Cassy Herding, Political Science, The Psychiatric Bed Crisis in Southern Minnesota, 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.

60 . Abby Arnwine, McKenna Yost, Psychology, Marijuana Use and its Affect on Academic Achievement and Life Satisfaction, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

61 . Connor Eischens, Psychology, Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Executive Functioning in Young Adults, 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.

62 . Jordan Schmidt and Abby Blonigen, Psychology, The Influence of Vision on Taste Perception, 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

63 . Abby Boxrud, Psychology, Vividness and Use of Visual Imagery in Daily Life, 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.

64 . Morgan Warner, Sociology, Elder Abuse, 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

Oral Presentation Abstracts

Location: Upper Level of the SMSU Conference Center & via Zoom
Zoom Link: https://minnstate.zoom.us/j/96253227309
Password: URC2024
Subjects: Accounting, Biology, Environmental Science, Management, Psychology, Theatre

1
Title: Effects of Urban Runoff on Water Quality
Presenter(s): Jordan Hausmann, Sierra Clifford, Kaaryna Smidel, Hannah Walburg
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m.
Advisor: Shelby Flint
Abstract: The impact of urban runoff on water quality is a significant concern, as the addition of pollutants like road salts, nutrients, and contaminants can negatively affect aquatic ecosystems and degrade the overall health of freshwater environments. We examined the effect of urban runoff on water quality in Marshall, MN, to determine its impact, as this issue is an increasing concern in urban areas. We compared water quality metrics such as pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen levels using field test kits at three locations along the Redwood River. Although pH levels were the same across sites, downstream sites tended to have higher alkalinity and chloride, whereas upstream sites had a higher oxygen percentage. The results of this research will indicate the extent to which urban runoff affects water quality along the Redwood River and provide a starting point for future efforts to mitigate its effects.

2
Title: Invertebrate Taxon Diversity in Burned and Unburned Areas of the SMSU Wildlife Area
Presenter(s): Eric Nadeau, Ben Skorczews, and Alec Langerud
Presentation Time: 10:00 a.m.
Advisor: Shelby Flint
Abstract: Soil biodiversity is essential in the regulation of many ecosystem processes. Soil invertebrates influence many ecosystem functions like nutrient cycling, decomposition, plant production, and pathogen resistance. Burning the land in a controlled manner, counterintuitively, enhances invertebrates’ influences on ecosystem functions. It leads to ecological restoration by providing a greater abundance of available nutrients for all biota and doesn’t permanently negatively affect the soil biota. We did an observational study of soil invertebrates in the burned and unburned areas of the SMSU wildlife area and observed the effects of controlled burns on their communities. Order Haplotaxida (earthworms) constituted 89.7% and 45.1% of the invertebrates observed in the unburned and burned areas, respectively, despite counting similar total numbers of invertebrates in each area. Our preliminary results indicate higher taxon diversity in the burned than in the unburned area, suggesting that burns ultimately offer greater abundance of available nutrients for soil invertebrates.

3
Title: Comparing Forb Abundance and Species Richness in Burned vs Non-burned Areas of the SMSU Wildlife Area
Presenter(s): Kaelyn DeRoche, Nankling Andrew, and Karlina Nelson
Presentation Time: 10:15 a.m.
Advisor: Shelby Flint
Abstract: Previous research has shown that burning prairie vegetation areas can increase biodiversity and restore the richness of forb species. To assess the abundance and diversity of forbs between burned and unburned segments of the SMSU prairie area, we compared the species richness and total abundance of forbs within both segments. Eight, 1m^2 quadrats within the burned and unburned segments were randomly selected. Forbs within the quadrats were counted to provide the abundance and species diversity data, and they were clipped by species to provide an estimate of forb biomass. Our t-test results showed that there was a significantly greater difference in abundance of forbs and species richness of forbs in the burned segments than in the unburned segments. Based on our results, and assuming that more diversity is preferable to less, we recommend burning be used as a management tool for the SMSU prairie area.

4
Title: Effects of Urbanization on Benthic Invertebrate Diversity in the Redwood River
Presenter(s): Paige Duncan, Natalie Jorschumb, Trent Paulsen, and Levi Stoneberg
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m.
Advisor: Shelby Flint
Abstract: The presence or absence of certain benthic macroinvertebrates can indicate things like poor water quality, pollution, and other stressors. We collected invertebrates at three sites along the Redwood River. These sites included one in Camden State Park, one in Marshall, and one just downstream of town. We chose sites based on location, sediment type, and water velocity. Kick nets were used to collect invertebrates which were later identified in a lab. We used taxon richness, taxon diversity, and the presence or absence of particular taxa to assess the ecosystem health of our collection sites. We concluded that there were key differences between sites. Camden had the most biodiversity and downstream of town had the least. Future studies could use more consistent sampling techniques and more variety in site locations. This study provided concrete evidence of urbanization's effects on our local water quality.

5
Title: Comparative Water Quality Analysis of Developed and Undeveloped Lakes in Ottertail County, Minnesota
Presenter(s): Joren Palmer
Presentation Time: 11:00 a.m.
Advisor: Elliot Vaughan
Abstract: Ottertail County, Minnesota is home to over 1,000 lakes, the most of any Minnesota county. These lakes have a wide variety of shoreline development whether that may be residential, commercial, agricultural, or natural. Ten lakes were chosen for this project, five with residentially developed shorelines, and five with natural, or agricultural, undeveloped shorelines. Six water quality parameters were tested- orthophosphate, chloride, ammonium, conductivity, nitrate, and Secchi disk. Preliminary findings indicate no significant differences and averages for each water quality parameter are similar, however, no statistical tests have been conducted yet. GIS analysis of each lake watershed shows similar land cover for both lake types which is the likely cause of the similarity of the water quality parameters, watershed land use tends to matter more than near-shore land use. Results indicate the need for more research focused on watershed development and its effects on water quality.

6
Title: Microplastics in the Redwood River
Presenter(s): Levi Stoneberg
Presentation Time: 11:15 a.m.
Advisor: Elliot Vaughan
Abstract: Microplastics are extremely widespread and are becoming an increasingly concerning because of potential health risks and environmental harm. This project looks to see how common microplastics are in the Redwood River near Marshall and how much urbanization affects it. In a location before town, in town, and after town the river water was sampled with plankton nets twice per location for fifteen minutes. Then macroplastics were collected for a 30-meter period along the shore. Microfibers were the only observed microplastic with 122 total pieces being found and the most common colors were blue, black, and red. There was a wide range of macroplastics found ranging from plastic bottles to ripped plastic packaging. The location in town had higher amounts of microfiber and macroplastics. The Redwood River is polluted by microplastics, and urban areas seem to increase the abundance of micro and macroplastic pollution.

7
Title: The Effects of Canada Geese on SMSU Ponds Water Quality
Presenter(s): Benjamin Skorczewski
Presentation Time: 11:30 a.m.
Advisor: Elliot Vaughan
Abstract: Canada geese (Branta canadensis) migrate in large flocks and are known to affect water quality along their entire migration. The return of the geese represents inputs to the ponds around campus that are not consistent throughout the year. The goal of this study was to explore how the influx of geese would affect the water quality of the ponds on the SMSU campus. Three ponds on campus were monitored weekly for nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, dissolved oxygen, and goose abundance. Initial data shows a large increase in the number of geese and mostly stable levels of water quality measurements from the beginning to the end of this project. These findings suggest that this quantity of geese does not affect the water quality enough to show large changes in nutrient levels or caused changes in ways not measured in this study.

8
Title: How Have Restoration Efforts Altered Soil Properties in the SMSU Environmental Learning Area?
Presenter(s): Natalie Jorschumb
Presentation Time: 11:45 a.m.
Advisor: Elliot Vaughan
Abstract: Restoration efforts over past years have greatly intensified. Burning has been a strategy used to restore prairies by removing invasive species and promoting native plant growth. Burning can greatly affect soil composition. This study looked at changes in soil properties, including pH, organic matter, and texture, in areas of the SMSU Environmental Area to see how restoration affected the soil. Unburned and burned prairies were compared to see how burns affect soils short term, as well as an old field in the area to get a baseline. Samples were also taken from an area dominated by coniferous trees to understand how trees have altered the soil. Coniferous areas had the highest soil organic matter content while burned areas had the lowest. Testing concluded that burned areas not only had the highest organic matter content but also the most acidic soils. It is evident restoration efforts have altered soil properties.

9
Title: The Benefits of a Certified Public Accountant Compared to Tax Software apps
Presenter(s): Thor Fischer
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m.
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: With many apps and softwares being produced and developed in recent years, people are asking which way to go when it comes to tax season. While tax softwares are good for simple returns, there’s no denying the benefits hiring a professional to do a tax return. A certified public account, or CPA, can save time, minimize tax liability, likely to avoid errors and are able to discuss matters person to person.

10
Title: Oedipus: A Dramaturg's Perspective
Presenter(s): Alyster Schmidt
Presentation Time: 1:15 p.m.
Advisor: Shiela Tabaka
Abstract: Oedipus, a mythological tale and play written during the period of the ancient Greeks has much of its history etched in real places and ideas, existing in a grander mythos that widely goes overlooked in comparison to the larger story arc of the titular character. This presentation provides information that seeks to enhance a prospective viewer’s knowledge of prevalent subject matter pertaining to the mythos and any theatrical productions of the story. To achieve this, research was conducted on various subjects throughout the play, including the mention of the sphinx, Greek jewelry and family structure, and the Delphic oracle, as well as a synopsis of the play.

11
Title: Exploring the World of Romeo and Juliet
Presenter(s): Brandon Bentley
Presentation Time: 1:30 p.m.
Advisor: Shiela Tabaka
Abstract: This dramaturgical presentation will focus on the background elements of William Shakespeare’s the play Romeo and Juliet. Along with these elements, we will discuss what inspired Shakespeare to write this during his time. Some of these factors will include religion, family structure, and alchemy. Finally, we will look at life the Italian Renaissance. All in an effort to help us better understand the world of Romeo and Juliet.

12
Title: The Effects of Dynamic Visual Noise on Recall of Imagined Objects
Presenter(s): Cole Lawrence and Abby Boxrud
Presentation Time: 1:45 p.m.
Advisor: Scott Peterson
Abstract: Dynamic visual noise (DVN) can affect how the brain functions. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of DVN on mental imagery and recall. A task involving shallow processing (judge the length of a word) was used as a control condition. A task involving deep processing (judge the size of an object) was used to encourage the formation of mental imagery. Participants made 40 judgments under DVN conditions and 40 with no DVN. After each task, participants performed a recall test and indicated the process used to recall each word. Participants’ imagery abilities were measured using a survey designed for that purpose and used in other reputable studies. Our hypothesis was that DVN would have a greater effect on those relying more on mental imagery. We expected to see a greater difference in recall ability between the DVN and no DVN tests for individuals relying more on visual memory.

13
Title: Life Is a Dream: The Spanish Golden Age
Presenter(s): Colton Jensen
Presentation Time: 2:30 p.m.
Advisor: Shiela Tabaka
Abstract: The Spanish Golden Age was a vibrant period from the late 15th to 17th century marked by exceptional achievements in literature, art, and drama. Among its highlights is Life Is a Dream, a play by Pedro Calderón de la Barca that explores themes of fate, free will, and reality. The story follows Prince Segismundo, imprisoned due to a prophecy, as he grapples with identity and the boundaries between dreams and reality. Through poetic language and philosophical depth, Calderón’s work raises timeless questions about human nature and destiny, epitomizing the existential richness and creativity of the Golden Age.

14
Title: History and Context of the Medieval Play Everyman
Presenter(s): Olivia Houseman
Presentation Time: 2:45 p.m.
Advisor: Shiela Tabaka
Abstract: Everyman, a morality play written in the medieval period, is a thought-provoking play that gives the audience a moment to reflect on their lives and beliefs. A presentation on a summary of medieval history and culture, morality plays, and allegory characters. Using this information, audiences can get a deeper understanding of the world of the play.

15
Title: Cattitude Campaign: Saving Nine Lives, One Life At A Time
Presenter(s): Megan Laughlin
Presentation Time: 3:00 p.m.
Advisors: Marsha Grimes-Rose and Heather Rickgarn
Abstract: Feral cats are a fast-populating species both in urban and rural areas. The primary ways to decrease the fast-populating species is through Trap-Neuter-Release (TNR) programs or euthanasia. Due to the lack of shelters for these animals, populated areas often opt for euthanasia. The problem is that cats are being killed due to an overabundance of their kind with minimal homing options. Levy and Crawford (2004) indicated that TNR can be an effective option. The study aims to conduct a thorough secondary research literature review to identify the benefits, challenges, and effectiveness levels of having a TNR program in local communities. The literature supports that TNR programs could effectively help decrease fast-populating species and benefit communities. It is recommended that SMSU implement a TNR program where feral cats can be documented, trapped, tested, spayed/neutered by a local veterinarian, and released to their origin capture spot or a local farm.

Virtual Session Abstracts

Mid-Morning Virtual Session 1 – Sociology

Zoom Link: https://minnstate.zoom.us/j/94065792856
Password: URC2024

1
Title: The Causes and Impacts of Adverse Childhood Experiences
Presenter(s): Rebecca Friskey
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m.
Advisor: Bamidele Odubote
Abstract: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been correlated with a range of negative health and behavior outcomes (CDC, 2024; Harris, 2018; Panisch, 2020). They have been linked to seven of the ten leading causes of death in the United States, costing the U.S. over $100 billion annually (Kumar et al. 2024). This study uses secondary sources to examine the causes and effects of adverse childhood experiences and proposes recommendations for its prevention.

2
Title: How Media Shapes Self Image
Presenter(s): Natasha Smith
Presentation Time: 10:45 a.m. 
Advisor: Bamidele Odubote
Abstract: This study examines the impact of digital media on self-image and self-esteem, investigating how social media and online platforms alter self-perception. Previous research indicates a correlation between high social media usage and low self-image, low self-esteem, anxiety and depressive symptoms (Rosenthal & Tobin, 2022). By administering and analyzing surveys to college students, the researcher hopes to assess the relationship between media habits and self-perception.

3
Title: Finding a Correlation Between a Student's Academic Achievement Level and Their Parents’ Socioeconomic Status
Presenter(s): April Thurmes
Presentation Time: 11:00 a.m. 
Advisor: Bamidele Odubote
Abstract: Student's achievement level is affected by multiple factors. A child's education can be impacted by how their parents are involved, their family's health, their family’s socioeconomic status, and their race. This study among other things, found a strong correlation between parents' socioeconomic status, parental involvement level, and race with Student's achievement level.

4
Title: Put on a Happy Face: The Unpaid Emotional Labor of School Social Workers
Presenter(s): Jen Clausen
Presentation Time: 11:15 a.m.
Advisor: Bamidele Odubote
Abstract: While recent research focuses on challenges to school social workers in their pedagogical setting, little research exists regarding how school social workers perceive and manage their emotions in this host environment. By conducting semi-structured interviews with school social workers across various school settings, this research proposal aims to provide a qualitative summary of the school social worker’s unpaid emotional labor and emotion management when facing these challenges.

5
Title: Maternal Health Care: The Importance of Postpartum Doulas in Reducing Postpartum Crisis
Presenter(s): Taylor Garmaker
Presentation Time: 11:30 a.m. 
Advisor: Bamidele Odubote
Abstract: The postpartum period is a vital phase for maternal health, carrying profound implications for the well-being of both mothers and their infants. It is essential to prioritize this transitional time to ensure optimal health outcomes for the entire family. This study, conducted by examining other studies, examines the role of postpartum doulas in preventing crisis and supporting maternal adaptation during the weeks following childbirth. Postpartum doulas serve as vital health educators and enhance maternal self-efficacy. Studies also show correlations between postpartum doula care and reduced levels of anxiety, depression, and maternal psychosis. These significant findings highlight the importance of the urgent need to incorporate postpartum doula support as a standard component of maternal healthcare.

6
Title: Aligning Opportunities to Help Families Address Their Unique Needs: How Can a Whole Family Approach Help to Fight Poverty?
Presenter(s): Jennifer Jorgensen
Presentation Time: 11:45 a.m. 
Advisor: Bamidele Odubote
Abstract: Generational poverty can be tackled through social services by adopting a whole family approach (WFA) or two-generation (2-Gen) model. These programs promote socio-economic mobility by simultaneously supporting the education and growth of parents and children. Implementing strengths-based and relationship-focused strategies is vital despite potential challenges. The study examines how implementing an evidence and policy-based WFA/2-Gen could transform social services with empowering and supporting families in poverty by focusing on their capabilities fostering resilience and acknowledging diverse family structures.

Mid-Morning Virtual Session 2 – Theatre, History, Accounting

Zoom Link: https://minnstate.zoom.us/j/9149764797;
Password: URC2024

7
Title: Social Context of Antigone by Sophocles
Presenter(s): Rebekah Willey
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m.
Advisor: Shiela Tabaka
Abstract: On November 22, 1963, the United States lost the life of their 35th president John F. Kennedy. With the rise of media through radio and television, the news of the assassination rang throughout the nation for several days after the event took place. This resulted in everlasting effects on the psyche of the American people, which can still be seen today. Much of the talk surrounding this event is focused on what could have been if he was not murdered, and what takes place in the minds of so many Americans is something that cannot be forgotten or ignored. His wife, Jackie, had an enormous impact on how this played out.

8
Title: The Assassination of John F. Kennedy and the American Psyche in the Days After
Presenter(s): Lauren Kerska
Presentation Time: 1:15 p.m.
Advisor: Thomas Wilford
Abstract: On November 22, 1963, the United States lost the life of their 35th president John F. Kennedy. With the rise of media through radio and television, the news of the assassination rang throughout the nation for several days after the event took place. This resulted in everlasting effects on the psyche of the American people, which can still be seen today. Much of the talk surrounding this event is focused on what could have been if he was not murdered, and what takes place in the minds of so many Americans is something that cannot be forgotten or ignored. His wife, Jackie, had an enormous impact on how this played out.

9
Title: The Evolution of Financial Fraud
Presenter(s): Ali Metz
Presentation Time: 1:30 p.m.
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: A persistent threat throughout history, financial fraud has evolved alongside historical cases, technological advancements, and shifting financial systems. From early forms of fraud to noteworthy cases, such as the Ponzi Scheme and corporate scandals, it is evident how fraud has infiltrated various sectors overtime. In 2002, a major turning point of fraud prevention was introduced in response, which lead to the now known passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. This poster covers the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, other notable historical cases, major types of financial fraud, prevention strategies, and the future of financial fraud. Moving forward into the digital age, fraud has continued to expand into cybercrimes such as phishing and identity theft. Preventing and detecting fraud has become increasingly sophisticated, forcing organizations to stay ahead of these emerging threats. As fraud continues to innovate, there is a constant requirement for evolution in fraud prevention strategies.

10
Title: Cleopatra’s Death and the Political, Social, and Economic Fallout within Rome and Egypt
Presenter(s): John Grayson McGinnis
Presentation Time: 1:45 p.m.
Advisor: Thomas Wilford
Abstract: Cleopatra’s death was a crux in the history of Rome and Egypt. Between Cleopatra’s importance as the final Ptolemaic leader in the dynasty for Ancient Egypt and as the final true Pharaoh of Egypt, she was critical to the end of the Ancient Egyptian empire and aiding in the creation of a new version of the Roman republic, turning it into an empire. Her death directly led to the beginning of the Roman Empire and the fall of the Roman Republic. There are also the social, economic, and political changes within Egypt and Rome as a direct result of Cleopatra’s death and the changing of the dominant power in the Mediterranean. The Romans turn into an empire and enter a time of peace; as Ancient Egypt falters, the Romans swoop in and maintain their nearly unchallenged dominance of the Mediterranean region for many centuries thereafter.

11
Title: AI in Accounting
Presenter(s): Jose Posada
Presentation Time: 2:00 p.m.
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: This presentation explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in accounting practices, focusing on how AI is currently being adopted by professionals in the field. Through practical examples, such as automation of data entry, fraud detection, and tax preparation, we highlight the ways in which AI enhances efficiency and accuracy. Additionally, the presentation addresses the risks and challenges associated with AI adoption, including data security concerns, job displacement fears, and ethical considerations. By examining real-world cases and user engagement, this study sheds light on both the benefits and limitations of AI in shaping the future of accounting.

Mid-Morning Virtual Session 3 –Accounting, History

Zoom Link: https://minnstate.zoom.us/j/9149764797;
Password: URC2024

12
Title: Why Accounting Isn't Math
Presenter(s): Gabby Zaczek
Presentation Time: 2:30 p.m.
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: Contrary to popular belief, accounting isn't just complex math, and not all accountants enjoy or excel at difficult equations. Instead, accounting is about understanding and applying key accounting principles and concepts to analyze financial data. While there is some basic math involved, the primary focus is critical thinking, problem-solving, and adherence to the relevant accounting standards. This presentation explores the fundamental accounting principles and concepts, demonstrating how they work together to shape financial statements. The result is a flowchart that connects the core principles and how they shape the financial statements utilized by every Business, Individual, or Organization. By using the flowchart to establish the relationship of the accounting principles and concepts to the core financial statements, we can debunk the misconception about the difficult of math found in accounting, creating a more approachable understanding of accounting.

13
Title: The Effects of the Atomic Bomb on Japan
Presenter(s): Noah Wallin
Presentation Time: 2:45 p.m.
Advisor: Thomas Wilford
Abstract: On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb used in warfare was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, followed by a second on Nagasaki three days later. Convinced that using these weapons would save lives by quickly ending the war, President Truman and others did not consider the potential long-term damage caused by the unknowable and unprecedented effects of a nuclear attack on a human population. Within weeks many different groups of scientists, some from Japan and others from various countries, began studying the impact that the bombs had on victims and survivors alike. Their findings reveal the harm caused by the bombs including not only casualties from the blast, flash burn, and falling debris but also the short and long-term damage done by the radioactivity unleashed by the new weapons. The long-term damage done by the bombs' radioactivity is still being observed today in the remaining survivors.

14
Title: The Complex Legacy of John Brown
Presenter(s): Jake Heard
Presentation Time: 3:00 p.m.
Advisor: Thomas Wilford
Abstract: John Brown has been a controversial figure in American history since his death in 1859. Many today remember John Brown as an abolitionist hero, but this was not always so, as figures on both sides of the slavery debate found his methods extreme. Analysis of historical narratives, public perceptions, and media portrayals, shows just how much Brown’s actions in “Bleeding Kansas” in 1856 and his raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, have been reinterpreted, with his public image evolving from violent radical to martyr for the abolitionist cause. John Brown’s legacy highlights the relationship between historical events and their subsequent interpretations, showing how much of his legacy was shaped by his supporters as well as by his adversaries. Using primary and secondary sources, the complexity of the contemporary views of John Brown and the larger implications of understanding the dynamics of historical memory are revealed.

15
Title: The Modernization of Japan
Presenter(s): Christopher Braboy
Presentation Time: 3:15 p.m.
Advisor: Thomas Wilford
Abstract: The Modernization of Japan
Japan's establishment of relations with the West in the mid-19th century began a transformative period characterized by rapid modernization and cultural exchange. Following the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry in 1853, Japan was forced to open its ports to foreign trade, leading to significant shifts in its political, economic, and social structures. The Meiji Restoration of 1868 epitomized this transition as the Japanese government actively sought to adopt Western technologies and governance models to strengthen the nation against imperialism. The influx of Western ideas in culture, education, and the Japanese economy, challenged traditional Japanese norms. Taking up Western-style thought processes, architecture, and educational systems reflected a broader desire for modernization while simultaneously igniting debates about national identity. The new centralized government introduced modern citizenship concepts and dismantled samurai privileges while blending traditional values with Western influences.

16
Title: Basics of Bookkeeping
Presenter(s): Elizabeth Flaa
Presentation Time: 3:30 p.m.
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: Most people have little understanding of the day-to-day tasks performed by a bookkeeper. This project pulls back the curtain to explore what bookkeeping entails and the skills bookkeepers need. Some tasks include conducting bank reconciliations, going through the process of getting quotes pulling a PO to invoicing, as well as financial reporting. Specifically in small businesses, the bookkeeper maintains a lot of the accounting tasks, rather than having teams that take on each part, such as accounts payable and accounts receivable. Overall, this project summarizes accounting tasks to show regular people how accounting is in a business.

Poster Session Abstracts

Location: Lower Level of the SMSU Conference Center
Subjects: Accounting, Agribusiness Management, Biology, Computer Science, History, Music, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, Theatre

1
Title: What are Financial Statements?
Presenter(s): Kristy DeMuth, Kiara Eischens-Larson
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: The general public should learn how to read financial statements because they provide an overview of a company’s financial health. The project includes information on reporting requirements, presentation guidelines, and their significance for shareholders and potential investors. The statements provide investors with valuable information about a company’s financial performance using the revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities, and equity accounts. Investors use these reports to make informed investment decisions about an organization.

2
Title: Behind the Scenes: Purchasing
Presenter(s): Emily Torres and Brooklyn Mueske
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: Have you ever wondered what happens behind the scenes when you purchase at The Store? We reviewed the accounts and elements of the financial statements, whether it differed in the way of payment, the timing of when the cash was received, and if it was purchased on credit or cash. Key accounts affected are sales, revenue, cash, accounts receivable, sales tax payable, and credit card expenses. As well sales invoices are reviewed.

3
Title: Automation in Accounting
Presenter(s): Noah Kloss
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. 
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: Automation has become essential for efficiently collecting and documenting financial information, supporting modern technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cloud Accounting, and Blockchain—especially in auditing. While automation offers significant advantages, such as improved productivity and streamlined processes, it also raises concerns about job displacement and potential errors if not carefully monitored. This poster explores how accountants and auditors can fully understand and leverage automation to benefit the workplace. Automation aids in tasks like the reconciliation of repetitive transactions, increasing efficiency, and notifying auditors of anomalies, allowing them to trace errors to their source. When thoughtfully integrated, automation is a powerful tool that enhances productivity while complementing, rather than replacing, human expertise in the accounting profession.

4
Title: Minnesota Homestead Property Tax Returns (M1PR's)
Presenter(s): Austin Simons
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: Many residents of Minnesota may be unaware of what Minnesota Homestead Property Tax Returns (M1PR) are or may not understand how the amount of their return is calculated. It is important that Minnesota residents know what an M1PR is and how it is calculated so that they can plan their taxes better. This project will use research and personal experience in a CPA firm to help create a better understanding of the M1PR. At its simplest level, the M1PR is calculated using a person’s (or married couple’s) household income and compares it to the property taxes paid during the year. With a deeper understanding of how an M1PR works, Minnesota residents will be more informed about how their property tax refund is calculated and how to better prepare for the tax season.

5
Title: Becoming a CPA - Exams and Requirements
Presenter(s): Airemie Wetzel
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: For most accounting students, becoming a CPA is viewed as the crux of their academic career, but few have a thorough understanding of the process to achieve this designation. This research project explores the various exams and qualifications required to become a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) in Minnesota. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the Minnesota Board of Accountancy's academic prerequisites, including the degree programs and courses required. It also explores the Uniform CPA Examination, which consists of four sections, and analyzes its structure, content, and scoring process. Furthermore, it examines state-specific licensing requirements, continuing education obligations, and ethical standards that must be met in order to maintain the CPA designation. Through an analysis of these requirements, the presentation provides insight for aspiring CPAs to facilitate a stronger understanding of the process required to obtain this professional certification.

6
Title: The Benefits of Auditing
Presenter(s): Kyle Goblirsch
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: There is a negative stigma around auditing, this is because people see it as a boring job that is looking to find mistakes that they have made at their company. This presentation will show the positive side of audits, and the numerous benefits that they bring. Audits are essential because they ensure that companies’ finances are accurate. With more accurate financials companies can make better judgements about decisions. A third-party audit will also give shareholders more security about their investments in a company. Audits are also going to be very helpful in detecting fraud and improving internal controls. This presentation will show that audits are a necessary part of business and should be looked at in a more positive light.

7
Title: What is Fraud?
Presenter(s): Alex Castor
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. 
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: Fraud is becoming a bigger and bigger problem every year. Everyone should know the most common types of fraud in the real world. Accounting fraud is a small part of the many examples of fraud. The top types of accounting fraud include overstating revenue, understating expenses, overvaluing assets, undervaluing liabilities, and manipulating timing. There are multiple ways for companies to avoid accounting fraud from happening inside of their companies. Some ways include separation of duties, regular unscheduled audits, restricting user rights, and keeping employees up to date on key anti-fraud policies. Accounting fraud will always be a problem in the economic world but having policies against fraud and regular unscheduled audits will help prevent accounting fraud from happening.

8
Title: Information about Taxes
Presenter(s): Jamison Rohlik
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: A major issue with taxes is that they are required to be paid without giving the public proper information about where their money is being spent. There is not a quick guide to figuring out where your money is being spent and much of the public do not have time to fully investigate what is being funded by their tax dollars. This presentation will provide the public with general information about taxes which includes the following information: where the money is spent, why paying taxes is important, and simple tax forms. This research provides a guideline for information on taxes that help boost their understanding of the United States tax system. The information presented here will better inform the public about taxes and give them more knowledge on the taxes that they pay each year to their state and the federal government.

9
Title: Accounting Degree: Not Just for Accountants; Other Careers are Possible
Presenter(s): Michael Murillo
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. 
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: The typical stereotype is that an accounting degree determines that you become an accountant. That is far from the truth. There are many other possibilities for an individual with an accounting degree. Current professional networking and employment sites were examined to gather information about degree requirements and salary standards for various professional careers to develop an introductory portfolio of possibilities for prospective and new accounting students and layman to better understand what an accounting degree can do for them. The resulting information displays various careers, their typical responsibilities, expectations, and salary ranges. The resulting information showcases the numerous and varied options for an individual seeking and attaining an accounting degree.

10
Title: Ethical Principles to Prevent Fraud
Presenter(s): Emily Maciel
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. 
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: Research shows that ethical principles such as integrity, accountability, and transparency, can be brought into certain policies in the workforce to prevent fraudulent behavior. Incorporating practices like establishing clear rules against fraudulent activities, promoting transparency, and holding employees accountable for their actions make it less likely for individuals to take part in any fraudulent behavior. In frameworks such as virtue ethics, the study examines the impact of ethical training, codes of conduct, and leadership integrity on reducing fraud risks. Using certain case studies, it will show how organizations that do use ethical principles achieve more effective fraud prevention compared to those that do not. This research will show that incorporating an ethical foundation mitigates fraud and strengthens the organizations reputation and stakeholder trust. This research demonstrates the importance of providing ethical principles in organizations as a strategy to prevent fraud.

11
Title: The Differences of Unrealized and Realized Gains
Presenter(s): Grayson Bolstad
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. 
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: Many people own property and/or investments that will increase in value over time. This increase in value is called either a realized gain or an unrealized gain. A realized gain is when a person sells property or an investment and makes a profit. An unrealized gain is when your property or investment increases in value, but you don’t sell it. Many people don’t know the difference between these terms and this poster will help people understand. This poster will illustrate how realized and unrealized gains work and how they affect the average person.

12
Title: Depreciation on Business Assets in Accounting
Presenter(s): Sebastian Tilton Campos
Presentation Time: 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to showcase the importance of depreciation in a company for tax and accounting purposes. Depreciation is important to understand as it is necessary to determine the life of an asset and how a business evaluates it using methods under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The methods used in the study are three accounting books that highlight the need for depreciation and uses. Additionally, the study will compare the methods used to determine depreciation. In business and accounting, it becomes highly necessary to utilize depreciation as it determines whether an asset is still fit to function or if it needs to be assessed for impairment and replaced. Therefore, depreciation is a necessary cornerstone of any business and an accountant’s career.

13
Title: New Regulations for the 2024 Tax Season
Presenter(s): Grace Haas
Presentation Time: 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Will Thomas
Abstract: There will be important modifications to regulations in the 2024 tax season. To help taxpayers and tax professionals be aware of the changes being made, this study looks at rules and regulations. With an emphasis on recent IRS changes and compliance updates, the study examines the regulations for the 2024 tax season. A deeper comprehension of the expected and observed impacts on various taxpayer groups is made possible by this study. New rules have changed how some tax credits and deductions are enforced. Measures to promote sustainable practices and lessen tax evasion are now part of corporate tax laws. Despite the fact that a lot is changing, it is wise to stay informed.

14
Title: The Role of PCSK9 in the Inflammatory Response of Atherosclerosis
Presenter(s): Kaelyn DeRoche
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. 
Advisor: Tony Greenfield
Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease and a leading cause of death world-wide. PCSK9 protein plays a role in atherosclerotic development by increasing LDL-C, however, current research suggests its major role is in atherosclerotic inflammation via the TLR4/NF-kB inflammatory pathway. Tang et al. (2017) conducted PCSK9 silencing studies in apoE KO mice and OX-LDL stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages focusing on TLR4/NF-kB activation. They found that PCSK9 silencing can decrease inflammatory gene and protein expression, and inhibited activation of the TLR4/NF-kB inflammatory pathway. Peng et al. (2024) conducted a PCSK9 inhibition (PCSK9i) study in ApoE mice and LPS stimulated HUVECs targeting the TLR4/NF-kB inflammatory pathway. They found that PCSK9i could reduce inflammatory gene and protein expression, prevent activation of the TLR4/NF-kB pathway, and increase HUVEC viability. These studies suggest PCSK9 activates the TLR4/NF-kB inflammatory pathway to accelerate atherosclerotic plaque formation, and PCSK9i can reduce atherosclerotic progression.

15
Title: The Relationship Between Nerves and Inflammation in the Generation of Endometriosis-Associated Pain
Presenter(s): Kaaryna Smidel
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. 
Advisor: Sandy Craner
Abstract: Endometriosis is a gynecological condition impacting women worldwide. The most common symptom of endometriosis is pain. There are several theories for the cause of endometriosis-associated pain, such as the relationship between an increase in nerve density and inflammation in endometriotic tissue. Anaf et al. (2011) compared nerve density in endometriotic tissue and healthy adjacent tissue in 31 women using immunochemistry. Results showed a significant increase of nerve density in endometriotic tissue. Anaf et al. (2006) compared mast cell density and proximity to nerves in 69 women with endometriosis and 37 without. With the use of immunochemistry, the results showed an increase in mast cell density and proximity to nerves in endometriotic tissue. In addition to what is known about the interaction between inflammatory mediators and nerves, these studies suggest a relationship between inflammation and nerves in the generation of endometriosis-associated pain.

16
Title: The Role of sFlt1 in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia
Presenter(s): Sierra Clifford
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. 
Advisor: Sandy Craner
Abstract: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy affecting 6-10% of US pregnancies. Its root cause remains unknown, although the placenta is believed to play a primary role. Maynard et al. (2003) investigated the role of sFlt-1, a soluble protein secreted by the placenta, in the pathogenesis of the disease. Researchers first confirmed that sFlt-1 levels were upregulated in the placentas of preeclamptic women. They next studied the effects of sFlt-1 on in vitro angiogenesis and found that sFlt-1 inhibits angiogenesis. Additionally, pregnant and nonpregnant rats were injected with sFlt-1 carrying adenoviruses, which induced a preeclampsia-like syndrome in the rats. Lu et al. (2007) further investigated the causative role of sFlt-1 in preeclampsia by injecting mice with sFlt-1 carrying adenoviruses and by taking various measurements indicative of preeclampsia. Here, sFlt-1 also initiated the development of a preeclampsia-like syndrome. Overall, these results suggest that sFlt-1 plays an etiological role in preeclampsia.

17
Title: Potential Mechanisms of Methylcobalamin Treatment for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Presenter(s): Alec Langerud
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. 
Advisor: Sandy Craner
Abstract: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is caused by nerve damage, causes symptoms of numbness, tingling, and pain, is common in diabetic patients, and has no readily available effective treatment globally. Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) partially alleviates symptoms of DPN in humans, but the mechanism remains unclear. Jian-bo et al. (2010) observed that as sciatic nerve insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) peptide content decreased, digital nerve sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) decreased; methylcobalamin and insulin significantly alleviated the effect compared to saline-treated control. Mizukami et al. (2011) observed that as sciatic nerve membranous protein kinase C (PKC) content decreased, digital nerve SNCV decreased; methylcobalamin significantly alleviated the effect compared to diabetic control. IGF-1, membranous PKC, and SNCV decrease in diabetic rats, but methylcobalamin reverses those effects. Further research investigating alternative mechanisms is necessary.

18
Title: Zooplankton as Indicator Species in Response to Water Acidification
Presenter(s): Sarah McDonald
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. 
Advisor: Sandy Craner
Abstract: Acidification of freshwater is increasing due to pollution, acid rain, runoff, and climate change. The acidification of freshwater hinders fish reproduction and larval development. Zooplankton are acid indicators and are susceptible to local extinctions when under stress. To monitor the acidification of lakes, Anas et al. (2013) studied the suitability of zooplankton as presence or absence indicator species and found that zooplankton were more valuable absence indicators than presence indicators for determining acid-stress. dos Santos et al. (2019) studied the effects of pH on migratory fish development through egg and larval experiments. They found that changes in pH significantly influenced hatching, survival, development, and growth of fish. These studies indicate that zooplankton can be used to signal the acidification of lakes and therefore the possibility of hindered fish development.

19
Title: Does Treating Insulin Resistance with Metformin Delay Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease
Presenter(s): Savanna Busch
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. 
Advisor: Sandy Craner
Abstract: A treatment for Alzheimer Disease (AD) is not yet viable. Amyloid plaques, Tau Tangles, and /or genetic factors may cause AD. A recent study suggests insulin resistance as a cause. Macesic et al. (2017) analyzed insulin parameters in AD patients to find that AD patients have elevated insulin resistance (IR) with hyperinsulinemia, suggesting therapeutic approaches targeting IR may prevent development of AD. A second study tested if Metformin (a diabetes drug) delays progression of AD. DiTacchio et al. (2015) hypothesized that a mouse model of AD treated with metformin will improve insulin sensitivity and AD behaviors. They found gender-divergent results in male and female mice. In conclusion, insulin resistance may contribute to AD, but more research is needed to determine the efficiency of Metformin for this use.

20
Title: The Impact of Cryotherapy on Inflammation During Post Traumatic Recovery
Presenter(s): Michele Stai
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. 
Advisor: Sandy Craner
Abstract: An injury causes pain, inflammation, and swelling as blood flow is increased to the injured tissue. Cryotherapy helps reduce symptoms of inflammation by causing vasoconstriction. Mutlu and Yilmaz (2020) studied the effects of the duration of ice application on soft tissue injuries in 105 ER patients. Ice was applied for 10, 20, or 30 minutes after injury. Reduced pain and increased range of motion were found across all durations. Vasoconstriction causes inflammatory biomarkers like TNF-a and IL-6 to be exuded. These chemicals ultimately aid healing by decreasing inflammation. Tseng et al. (2013) examined cooling effects on TNF-a and IL-6 in 11 baseball players. After performing elbow extension exercises, cold packs were applied at set time intervals. Both biomarkers showed decreases, indicating less inflammation. These studies indicate that cryotherapy can be beneficial to decrease inflammation. Further research is needed to determine whether cryotherapy also benefits recovery from an injury.

21
Title: How are TikTokers Influencing Younger People About Politics?
Presenter(s): Charles Hackett
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: In this paper people will have a better understanding of how social media impacts politics and the users who follow specific apps, just like the hit social media app TikTok. The author dives into 6 different scholarly sources and goes into depth on what experts have to say about the surge of political advertisements and reels happening right now. It also explains how it affected this year's election. The findings showed us that selective exposure is a major factor in influencing younger adults, and the goal in the future is to keep these social media apps a safe space to receive information.

22
Title: Are We Living in a Post-Truth Society
Presenter(s): Hayden Molva
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: This paper is about post-truth society, asking are we living in a post-truth society? First, literature is reviewed from academic experts, the conclusions are drawn surrounding the research question by explaining if we live in a post-truth society and what that looks like for us. Finally, implications are reviewed for the impact this has on society.

23
Title: Can Argumentation be Used in Secondary Classrooms to Help Build Social Skills?
Presenter(s): Ashley Peltier
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: This paper is about argumentation, asking the question can argumentation be used in secondary classrooms to help build social skills? First, literature is reviewed from academic experts, then conclusions are drawn surrounding the research question by explaining how argumentation has been proven to build social skills, and by using argumentation in the classroom, educators can help student build these essential skills. Finally, implications are reviewed for the impact this has on the affected communities.

24
Title: Are We Living in a Post-Truth Society, and if so, How Do We Get Out of It?
Presenter(s): Emma Currans
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: This paper is about the idea of post-truth, asking the question, are we living in a post-truth society and, if so, how do we get out of it? First, literature is reviewed from academic experts, then conclusions are drawn surrounding the research question by explaining how to respect other people's views, learning to embrace diversity, and supporting schools. Finally, implications are reviewed for the impact this has on the affected communities.

25
Title: Does Argumentation Aide in the Development of Critical Thinking Skills?
Presenter(s): Sierra Clifford
Presentation Time: 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: Critical thinking is a skill lacking in today’s society; thus, it is worthwhile to examine ways in which critical thinking can be better developed and promoted. This research investigates whether argumentation helps to develop critical thinking skills and if so, the mechanisms by which it accomplishes this. Academic literature was reviewed and conclusions were drawn based on this literature. Implications of this research were also discussed, with a focus on how argumentation can be leveraged to further develop critical thinking skills.

26
Title: Preparing Students for Public Discourse Through Learning to Argue
Presenter(s): Halle Egge
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: This paper is about the ways in which that teaching argumentation benefits students’ participation in public discourse, asking the question how does learning to argue prepare students for participation in public discourse? First, literature is reviewed from academic experts, then Conclusions are drawn surrounding the research question by explaining the skills and applications of argumentation that students use when participating in public discourse. Finally, implications are reviewed for the impact this has on the affected communities.

27
Title: How Argumentative Essays Improve Critical Thinking Skills in the 6-12 English Classroom
Presenter(s): Emily Hernandez
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: This paper is about critical thinking skills in the classroom, asking the question How Can Argumentative Essays Improve Critical Thinking Skills in the 6-12 English Classroom? First, literature is reviewed from academic experts, then Conclusions are drawn surrounding the research question by explaining the implementations that come with having and improving critical thinking skills inside and outside the classroom. Finally, implications are reviewed for the impact this has on the affected communities.

28
Title: The Art of Exclusion: Exploring Gender and Advocacy in Kirsha Kaechele's 'Ladies Lounge'
Presenter(s): Kaitlyn Sharp
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: This paper is about how Kirsha Kaechele's 'Ladies Lounge' challenges gender and societal norms, asking the question how does the 'Ladies Lounge' installation uses gender performativity as advocacy? First, literature is reviewed from academic experts, then Conclusions are drawn surrounding the research question by explaining how similar to the Ladies Lounge, gender is socially constructed, performance based, and impacted by others. Finally, implications are reviewed for the impact this has on the affected communities.”

29
Title: Is Argumentation Culture fueled by TikTok?
Presenter(s): Brock Bruns
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: This paper is about TikTok and Argumentation Culture, asking the question is Argumentation Culture fueled by TikTok’s algorithm? First, literature is reviewed from academic experts, then Conclusions are drawn surrounding the research question by explaining what is Argumentation Culture and the effects that TikTok’s short term content and algorithm has on us. Finally, implications are reviewed for the impact this has on the affected communities.

30
Title: Framing Reality
Presenter(s): Elayna Geiser
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: This paper is about documentaries, asking the question how can documentaries influence public attitudes towards social issues? First, literature is reviewed by academic experts, then conclusions are drawn surrounding the research question by explaining how documentaries influence public attitudes. Finally, implications are reviewed for the impact this has on the affected communities.

31
Title: How are Memes Used as an Argumentative Tool in Online Political Conversations?
Presenter(s): Colby Hadler
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: This paper is about memes being used as argumentative tools in online political conversations, asking the question of how have memes influenced political discussions? First, literature is reviewed from academic experts, then conclusions are drawn surrounding the research question by explaining how memes have affected online political arguments. Finally, implications are reviewed for the impact this has on affected communities.

32
Title: Online Activism & Social Movements
Presenter(s): Brenna Springborg
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: Social media and digital technology play a role in nearly every aspect of people’s lives. Online sources are used for information dissemination, entertainment, and even activism. As activism moves online, what is the impact of this online activism on social movements? Experts have defined key components of the digital age, analyzed the use of social media as activism, and provided examples of online activism. This research shows that online activism can mobilize populations, amplify marginalized voices, create change, and enhance traditional activist methods. Understanding these concepts is essential in exploring the implications of online activism on social movements.

33
Title: How Coldplay Mobilizes Their Fans as a Form of Advocacy
Presenter(s): Autumn Hess
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: This research presentation will focus on the influence of celebrities in advocacy, specifically the popular British band Coldplay, by answering the question: How does Coldplay mobilize their fans as a form of advocacy? First, literature by academic experts is reviewed to determine the influence of celebrity advocates, receptivity to celebrity advocates, the power of music in advocacy, and music as a tool for environmental education. Then, conclusions are drawn surrounding the research question by explaining and examining how Coldplay specifically mobilize their fans in relation to the literature reviewed. Finally, implications are discussed for the impact this research has on the following communities: the music industry, musicians, celebrities in general, advocacy organizations, and the general public.

34
Title: Confirmation Bias in Young Adults in Social Media Echo Chambers
Presenter(s): Madelyn Geske
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: This paper is about confirmation bias in young adults who use social media, asking the question does confirmation bias on social media make users more susceptible to social media echo chambers? First, literature is reviewed from academic experts, then Conclusions are drawn surrounding the research question by explaining how young adults are susceptible to social media echo chambers. Finally, implications are reviewed for the impact this has on the affected communities.

35
Title: How Fact Checking in Response to Disinformation can Benefit Students’ Media Literacy
Presenter(s): Kennedy Kucera
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: This paper is about media literacy, asking the question “How can fact checking in response to disinformation benefit students’ media literacy?” First, literature is reviewed from academic experts, then conclusions are drawn surrounding the research question by explaining what the experts conclude on this issue. Finally, implications are reviewed for the impact this has on the affected communities.”

36
Title: Fauxtography and DeepFakes Impacts on Media Literacy
Presenter(s): Morgan Mueller
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: This paper is about fauxtography and deepfakes, asking the question what impacts do these types of false information have on society? First, literature is reviewed from academic experts, then Conclusions are drawn surrounding the research question by explaining that fauxtography and deepfakes have negatively influence our lives. Finally, implications are reviewed for the impact this has on the affected communities.

37
Title: Living in a Post-Truth Society
Presenter(s): Treverran Mack
Presentation Time: 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: This paper is about if we as people are living in a post truth society, asking the question if this is true or false? First, literature is reviewed from academic experts, then Conclusions are drawn surrounding the research question by explaining why we live or don’t live in this post truth society. Finally, implications are reviewed for the impact this has on the affected communities.

38
Title: The Role of Media in Creating a Post-Truth Society
Presenter(s): Madison Baker
Presentation Time: 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Ben Walker
Abstract: Post-truth society is defined by cultural and political context where emotional appeal and personal beliefs have more influence than facts. This topic raises concerns about the integrity and the role that the media will play in this environment. This paper answers the question: What role has the media played in creating a post-truth society? Literature is reviewed and Conclusions are drawn before exploring some Implications for the impacted communities.

39
Title: AlgoVision: Interactive Algorithm and Data Structure Visualizer Web App
Presenter(s): Dagim Jalleta
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. 
Advisor: Dan Kaiser
Abstract: The Algorithm Visualizer Web App is an interactive educational tool designed to help users understand various algorithms and data structures through real-time visualizations. Built with React.js, the web app provides an intuitive interface for exploring sorting algorithms, pathfinding techniques, and foundational data structures like linked lists, binary trees, stacks, and queues. Each algorithm is visualized step-by-step, allowing users to observe how data moves and changes in response to algorithmic processes.

40
Title: Marshall Bus Scheduler
Presenter(s): Ogochukwu Chudi-Igwe, Saari Kuehl, and Abiah Abraham
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
Advisor: Kourosh Mortezapour and Shushuang Man
Abstract: The Scheduler for the Marshall Bus Transit System is a user-centric scheduling system designed to streamline the booking process of transit rides, allowing users to schedule pick-up and drop-off times, check bus availability, and navigate routes. This interactive web-based platform will feature booking functionalities, an administrative control system that enables the developers to manage schedules and monitor reservations. Users will experience a simplified and intuitive interface to organize their transit plans while commuting around Marshall. The project is divided into front and back-end development. The front-end focuses on user interaction intended on making navigation seamless, while the back-end centers on database management to handle scheduling data securely. Built using HTML, CSS, JavaScript and MySQL on Visual Studio Code. The project also integrates GitHub for collaboration. One key development feature is the Google Maps integration, providing route navigation—a new skill for our team to enhance user experience and location accuracy.

41
Title: Skatepedia: An App to Help Skateboarders Learn New Tricks
Presenter(s): Strivens Brayden
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
Advisor: Kourosh Mortezapour
Abstract: This project aims to help skateboarders learn new tricks. Skateboarding is a challenging activity, and learning new tricks can take months or even years of practice. This project seeks to facilitate that learning process through an app that allows users to track their progress and engage with a community for advice and feedback. Users can upload videos of their trick attempts to the app, where they can either share them in the community section for feedback or compare their attempts with a professional performing the same trick. These features will help users identify what they are doing wrong and provide guidance on how to improve and successfully execute the trick.

42
Title: AutoCare Hub
Presenter(s): Kaleab Debela, Habtamu Gashaw, and Samson Tadesse
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
Advisor: Kourosh Mortezapour
Abstract: The AutoCare Hub is car shop mechanic management web-based platform designed to streamline automotive repair workflows and improve the customer experience. Conventional car shops often rely on manual processes that can lead to delays, communication gaps, and inefficient resource management. Our system addresses these issues by providing a centralized platform where customers can track their car's repair progress, schedule appointments, and view service history. Meanwhile, mechanics can manage job assignments, track parts inventory, and update repair statuses in real time.

43
Title: Photography Studio Website
Presenter(s): Dagim Tamirat
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
Advisor: Shushuang Man
Abstract: This platform is designed to simplify the customer experience, allowing them to browse the photographer's portfolio, book appointments, download files after services, contact the photographer, and leave reviews. For the studio owner, it’s a practical tool to manage customer interactions, update content, collect contact information, showcase their work, and attract customers online. Developed with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Node, and SQL, the site includes various pages, such as a home page, contact page, gallery, and a sign-in option for customers interested in registering. This website is built to be a valuable, long-term resource, fostering smooth connections and engagement between the studio and its customers.

44
Title: AI-Driven Workouts
Presenter(s): Mario Estrella Santos
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
Advisor: Shushuang Man
Abstract: This project addresses the need for personalized workout routines tailored to individual fitness goals and equipment limitations. Many individuals struggle to create effective workout plans or lack the resources for personal training. To address this, an Android application will be developed that leverages large language models to generate customized workout routines based on user-specified goals, fitness levels, and available equipment. The app will also include features to track progress, provide exercise demonstrations, and offer feedback on exercise form using computer vision algorithms for pose estimation (stretch goal). This application aims to make fitness more accessible and effective by providing users with the tools they need to achieve their fitness goals conveniently and effectively.

45
Title: Nintendo Entertainment System Emulator: A Practical Application of Cycle-Accurate Emulation
Presenter(s): Asier Ochoa Blanco
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
Advisor: Kourosh Mortezapour and Shushuang Man
Abstract: Cycle-accurate emulation offers a precise method to preserve original hardware behavior, addressing gaps in conventional emulators that lack exact timing and visual fidelity. The emulator I’m building replicates each clock cycle of the NES’s hardware, capturing the exact timing necessary for effects like smooth scrolling which are critical details for an authentic gaming experience. To achieve this, the emulator synchronizes the CPU and PPU (Picture Processing Unit) on a cycle-by-cycle basis, ensuring accurate memory access timing and hardware coordination.

The emulator will be tested against a suite of NES games, confirming that timing-sensitive elements, such as sprite flickering, behaved as they would on original hardware. This approach provides insights into the design challenges of early consoles and emphasizes the importance of accurate emulation for digital preservation. By preserving the NES’s unique characteristics, this emulator supports efforts to maintain gaming history for future study and enjoyment.

46
Title: K-Means Clustering from Scratch
Presenter(s): Ali Muhammad Nathani
Presentation Time: 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Dan Kaizer
Abstract: This project is the implementation of k-means clustering from scratch to analyze and group FIFA player data based on attributes like overall rating, potential, wage, value, and age. While tools like scikit-learn offer efficient clustering algorithms, this project aimed to go deeper, building k-means from the ground up to understand the underlying mechanics and customization possibilities. The project involved initializing random centroids, assigning data points to the nearest centroids, and iteratively updating the centroid positions until the clusters stabilized. Implementing the algorithm from scratch helped me better understand the k-means algorithm and revealed how data-driven clustering can support applications in sports management, recruitment, and personalized training.

47
Title: High Antioxidant Non-Caloric Syrup for Use in Coffee and Cocktails
Presenter(s): Jayson Teagle
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Soma Mukherjee
Abstract: Syrups are incredibly high in sugar and have intense artificial flavors. There is a growing demand for sugar substitutes in sugar syrup with natural color and potent antioxidants. This research aims to discover a flavorful yet nutritious multipurpose syrup with natural antioxidants and lower calories. The base of this project stands on its natural flavor ingredients. Experiments were conducted to create a sugar substitute formulation with different preservatives. The average pH level was adjusted to a higher level (5.1-6) to add some natural color additives. Adding gum increased the viscosity of the syrup (0.36,0.40,0.42) compared with the traditional syrup. Sensory panels were conducted to achieve optimal sugar level and taste perception response. The response to the panelist's desired taste demands a sweeter taste. This new formulation of sugar syrup (low calorie with natural antioxidants) could be a healthy alternative for fitness-minded people without compromising taste while consuming beverages.

48
Title: The Life of John G. Lund
Presenter(s): Laura Zeurmens
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.
Advisor: Tom Williford
Abstract: John G. Lund was a real estate broker and southwest Minnesota's first millionaire. As settlers of the Midwest began to migrate across the prairie to the edges of Minnesota, not everyone had their mind on farming; Lund saw the newcomers as an opportunity for easy real estate profit. His elaborate home in Canby, Minnesota served as a testament to his success. His move to Minneapolis and political career in the state legislature seemed to guarantee his name in the history books. But, like a cautionary tale, Lund's life played out before him very differently. This study covers John G. Lund's fascinating, albeit short life, starting with seemingly astronomical success and ending in debts, tragedy, and his own unmarked grave.

49
Title: The Battle of Sugar Point
Presenter(s): Patrick McCann
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.
Advisor: Tom Williford
Abstract: The 1898 Battle of Sugar Point on Leech Lake in Minnesota was the final battle of the Indian Wars and the culmination of bad treaty agreements, their violation (such as the Nelson Act), gross corruption, and bad logging practices. The Ojibwe resistance was sparked primarily over the arrest of Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig, a Bear Island Pillager, and the harvesting of “dead and down” timber by unscrupulous loggers. Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig escaped arrest and sparked a manhunt and standoff at a small cabin on Leech Lake. The battle ended with several dead soldiers and no arrests leading to one of the few moments in American history where the Commissioner of Indian affairs sided with the native American community and called for a restructuring of logging practices in the area. This restructuring would culminate in the establishment of Chippewa National Forest under the Morris Act.

50
Title: The History of the Southwest Swimming Machine
Presenter(s): Quincie Klein
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.
Advisor: Tom Williford
Abstract: During their decade-long run, the Southwest State University (SSU) Men’s Swimming and Diving team brought home five conference championships, four conference runners-up, and eight national meet appearances, with three of them being top ten placements. The Swimming Machine was the most successful team from Southwest in the 1970s, competing in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) as a member of the Northern Intercollegiate Conference (NIC). A year-by-year analysis reveals that this team, with head coach Don Palm and diving coach Con Eckstrom, had a heroic start, consecutive dominating seasons, and a mediocre end. In 1980 the team's impressive record would not be enough to save it from being a victim of budget cuts at the college. Southwest has not had a men’s swimming and diving team since that time.

51
Title: Rising Tensions in Nauvoo, Illinois from 1839-1846
Presenter(s): Shandon Boe
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Tom Williford
Abstract: By the time they arrived in Commerce, Illinois, in 1839, the Mormon people had already fled persecution in western New York, Ohio, and Missouri. They called the nearly completely unsettled area “Nauvoo,” and continued their intentions to build a “New Jerusalem.” In Nauvoo, the Mormon Saints spent much of their time overcoming adversity and confrontation, whether it was old legal problems catching up to their leader Joseph Smith, or financial challenges in their new settlement. Trouble from within would kickstart tensions like those they had faced in previous locations. Important people from within the church, like John Bennett, Wilson Law, and William Law dissented from Joseph Smith and his teachings, and became major critiques of his practices. These criticisms, paired with Smith’s actions to combat them, would ultimately lead to increased persecutions of the Saints, Smiths murder, and eventually their expulsion from Nauvoo in 1846.

52
Title: Kittenball During the Depression in Minnesota
Presenter(s): Devin Bahl
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Tom Williford
Abstract: Kittenball was invented in 1895 by Minneapolis firefighter Lewis Rober. The department played it to get exercise while waiting for the fire alarms to sound. The name comes from the first team, The Kittens. The rules of kittenball are like baseball, but kittenball has a smaller field with a bigger ball. The game did not involve a glove, so the amount of equipment was much less than in baseball. During the Great Depression, communities in Minnesota created many teams to play in both adult and children’s leagues. The sport brought new demographics that were not able to play baseball. Leagues were open to both men and women. Making kittenball one of the few activities to be a co-ed sport in the 1930s. After The Great Depression the game developed into modern-day softball.

53
Title: Building Education in Echo, Minnesota: Community Investment in Their Children, 1885-1926
Presenter(s): Travis Cowell
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
Advisor: Tom Williford
Abstract: Building Education in Echo, Minnesota: Community Investment in Their Children, 1885-1926
In 1885, the residents of Echo, Minnesota, established their first schoolhouse for primary grades, marking the beginning of a steadfast commitment to education that would define the town’s identity. As Echo’s population grew, so did its investment in education, reflected in the expansion of its school facilities. The original one-room schoolhouse, built to serve early settler families, was outgrown within nine years. In response, the community built a larger eight-room school, which later expanded to include a high school. In March 1926, a devastating fire destroyed the school, yet within a month, the residents resolved to rebuild. The new school building has remained in service and now operates as a K-12 charter school. Examining the formative years of Echo’s educational system highlights the community’s early dedication to its children’s future and its resilience in the face of adversity.

54
Title: The Probability of Winning a Service Game in a Tennis Match
Presenter(s): Rozilyn Oye
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
Advisor: Heather Moreland
Abstract: The probability of winning a service game in tennis is examined using a transition matrix approach. We study the 2011 Grand Slam matches of one of the top tennis players in the world, Novak Djokovic. Using point-by-point datasets from these matches, we explore how winning or losing individual points in a service game impacts the overall likelihood of winning the game. The transition matrix approach allows us to study the probability of winning based on the server’s performance and the returner’s responses. Other factors are also considered such as the quality of the opponent and the court surface: hard, clay or grass. Our findings highlight how the strategic importance of serving in tennis varies with the court surface and demonstrates how serving influences a player's probability of winning service games.

55
Title: Fourier Transform in NMR Spectroscopy
Presenter(s): Alyssa Engels
Presentation Time: 2:30 p.m. -4:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Heather Moreland
Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful sample analysis tool in analytical chemistry. It can be used for determining the molecular structure of a sample as well as its purity and concentration. When students learn about NMR spectroscopy, the free induction decay (FID) data is converted to a spectrum in what seems to be a magical step. The main process at work in this conversion is an integral transformation called the Fourier transform. This is a mathematical technique for converting time domain data to frequency domain data. In this project, we seek to understand the Fourier transformation and apply it to the FID signal produced in NMR spectroscopy.

56
Title: From Shore to Score: The Art of Arranging "Hoist the Colors" for Choir
Presenter(s): Kieryn Larson
Presentation Time: 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Stephen Kingsbury
Abstract: Musicians must be able to arrange music for the ensembles with which they work; such music does not always exist in an appropriate form for the ensembles. This project sought to create an arrangement of “Hoist the Colors” from Pirates of the Caribbean for a high school-level four-part mixed (Soprano, Alto, Tenor, and Bass voices) unaccompanied choir. Once the overall form of the composition was determined, the melody was placed in the appropriate voice parts. The harmony was then composed around the melody in the remaining three voices. Many musical and artistic elements were considered, including voice range, part tessitura, rhythmic complexity, conjunct and disjunct voice lines, phrase length, appropriate voice leading, usage of dynamics, and subject matter. The result is a piece that combines the many elements of composition and performance in a way that is technically and artistically satisfying.

57
Title: Is Grading on a Curve Ethical?
Presenter(s): Shane Rogers
Presentation Time: 9:45 a.m. - 11:15 a.m. 
Advisor: Brett Gaul
Abstract: Grades are the fundamental indicators of how well we progress in our classes. In many cases, there are scenarios that cause significant problems for actual academic performance, either by events outside our control or by outright lack of effort. Instructors can alleviate grade issues by grading on a curve after a given assessment. This research applies the principles of utilitarianism, Kantianism, and virtue ethics to the process behind grade curving. The decision to curve grades can be attributed to the instructors’ means of reasoning and their outlook upon students. There are also underlying dilemmas regarding moral education in ethics, such as prioritizing happiness over the ends and justice over mercy. Research will provide how grading with a curve is ethical in some senses, especially in situations where teaching in the curriculum is inadequate.

58
Title: Should We Lie to Children About Santa Claus?
Presenter(s): James Gully
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Brett Gaul
Abstract: When we tell children that Santa Claus exists, we are lying to them. However, a common ethical belief is that it is not ok to lie to people on the basis that we believe our lies will make them happy. Whether we should lie about Santa is examined on the basis of how this choice impacts individual children as well as the people they interact with. The goal of this analysis is to examine the best arguments for and against this decision and develop an answer that is consistent with the ethical framework of utilitarianism.

59
Title: The Psychiatric Bed Crisis in Southern Minnesota
Presenter(s): Cassy Herding
Presentation Time: 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. 
Advisor: David Sturrock
Abstract: Our country and our state are dealing with both a mental health crisis and a psychiatric bed crisis. We have an increased need for psychiatric resources, yet those resources remain scarce. Across Minnesota, psychiatric patients are being placed in emergency rooms for extended periods because of the lack of in-patient psychiatric beds. Children are being put in other states, hours away, because of this crisis. Greater Minnesota faces the brunt of this hardship because these resources are even more limited outside the Twin Cities metro area. Such a complex issue requires a multi-faceted response including better conditions for mental health professionals and increasing funding for mental health programming. This research aims to understand this problem, how it began, how it is affecting people, and how we can work to resolve this crisis.

60
Title: Marijuana Use and its Affect on Academic Achievement and Life Satisfaction
Presenter(s): Abby Arnwine, McKenna Yost
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Scott Peterson
Abstract: Marijuana use has grown at a staggering rate, as it slowly becomes legalized in more states. Marijuana use is also highly prevalent among young adults and its excessive use has been shown to be associated with an array of short- and long-term consequences (Chentsove, et al., 2024). Participants (n = 166) were college students from SMSU, Cameron University, and various other schools within the United States recruited to participate in a survey on marijuana use, academic achievement, personality, and life satisfaction. The Wabash Academic Motivation Scale was used for academic motivation. For personality, we used the Gosling Ten-Item Personality Measure, and for life satisfaction, we used the Satisfaction with Life Scale. We predicted that light users of marijuana will report higher life satisfaction scores, heavy users of marijuana will report lower life satisfaction scores, and finally that any form of marijuana use will be associated with lower academic motivation scores.

61
Title: Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Executive Functioning in Young Adults
Presenter(s): Connor Eischens
Presentation Time: 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Scott Peterson
Abstract: Exercise science research has established a positive correlation between exercise and physical health. Recent studies have demonstrated the effects of exercise on the brain. Exercises has been found to increase overall brain health and reduce cellular aging. (Hogan et al., 2013). One area of interest is the extent to which cognitive processing, and in particular attention, is benefited from exercise. For example, Reigal et al. (2022) found that individuals with higher fitness level tended to score higher on a concentration-based task. (Reigal et al., 2020). The purpose of our study was to determine the effects of light cardiovascular exercise on concentration, as measured by the Stroop test. Participants underwent 15 minutes of light to moderate walking on a treadmill and then were administered the Stroop Test. Results are discussed in later sections.

62
Title: The Influence of Vision on Taste Perception
Presenter(s): Jordan Schmidt and Abby Blonigen
Presentation Time: 10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. 
Advisor: Scott Peterson
Abstract: Previous studies have discovered that human sensory systems do not operate independently from one another. In a study by Spence and colleague, they discovered that the color is a factor in how we perceive the taste of foods and drinks (2010). Our experiment explored the relationship between vision and taste perception. Using a between-subjects design, participants were randomly assigned to one of 3 different experimental conditions: only taste, only vision, and both taste and vision. We measured participants’ ability to discriminate between five different concentrations of cherry flavored Kool-Aid, by asking them to arrange the cups in a sequence from least to most concentrated. Concentrations ranged from 1.0g to 2.6g per cup of water with a 0.4g difference between each cup. Additional information was collected from each participant using a short questionnaire. We hypothesized that participants would be better able to discriminate visual stimuli when taste information is available, and better able to discriminate taste stimuli when visual information is available.

63
Title: Vividness and Use of Visual Imagery in Daily Life
Presenter(s): Abby Boxrud
Presentation Time: 2:30 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.
Advisor: Benjamin Anderson
Abstract: Visual imagery can be and often is used in almost every aspect of daily life such as studying, reading, navigating, etc. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between visual imagery, visualization frequency, and vividness of visualization in daily life. In this study, students recruited from SMSU completed the VVIQ survey, along with additional questions on visualization frequency, ease, maintenance, and manipulation. From this survey, we found a significant association between VVIQ and visualization frequency scores. There was also a significant relationship between VVIQ scores and reports on visualization and dreaming. It is also important to note our findings on the ease, maintenance, and manipulation of visualization. The findings from this study shed further light on the connection between VVIQ and use of visualization in everyday life and prompt us to do further research in this area.

64
Title: Elder Abuse
Presenter(s): Morgan Warner
Presentation Time: 1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. 
Advisor: Bamidele Odubote
Abstract: Elder abuse is a common problem all over the world involving anyone over the age of 60 who experiences physical abuse, emotional abuse, financial abuse, sexual abuse and neglect. Although it is a common problem, not many people are aware of this or know what signs to look for. Using secondary sources, this study identifies the different types of elder abuse and suggests some preventive measures for it.